Go check out an enlightening and disturbing article on the rash of 'sermon-stealing' that has besieged the pulpit these days:
http://www.uu.edu/news/InTheNews/pdf/95.pdfThe article reports that not only are pastors borrowing stories, illustrations, points, power point shows, and whole segments of actual narrative from another sermon source- but there are several websites, run by churches and preaching gurus (like Ed Young, who is kind of creepy, and the illustrious purpose driver himself, Rick Warren) that profit heavily from this sketchiness.
Now, mark that the article was published in none other than the WSJ! What a pathetic state of affairs for the tattered bride of Christ when her ministers defend their woeful inattentiveness to the Word of God, not to mention their blatant defense of deception.
Over at Desiring God you can check out a great article that defines and describes plagiarism. Just go to their resource library and search 'plagiarism' under the 'Questions and Answers' section. Here is how the DG staff defines plagiarism for us:
"The essence of plagiarism is to give the impression that the ideas or words of another person are actually your own. This can be done intentionally (in which case it is outright theft) or unintentionally-but either way it is wrong.
The tenth edition of Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary formally defines the term "plagiarize" from three different angles:
"to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own"
to "use (a created production) without crediting the source"
"to commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source"
In a nutshell, you have committed plagiarism whenever you use another's ideas or words without crediting or acknowledging the source."The article begins with one preacher defending his plagiarism and admits that he used 75% of Ed Young's sermon from the creativepastors.com (ironic title, wouldn't you agree?) website run by Young and his church. One critic of this sordid state of affairs, Thomas Long (a professor of preaching) hits the nail on the head,
"Our churches have turned into theaters and our preachers have turned into witty motivational speakers with high entertainment value". The real problem is plain. Our pulpits are full of men, and women (sadly), that are simply unequipped and unwilling to obey Paul's exhortation to the young pastor Timothy, "Be diligent to present yourself approved to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed, handling accurately the word of truth" (2 Timothy 2:15).
There needs to be a revival in these fellowships of 'biblical exposition'. In exposition, your first duty is to present the Word of God to people. You are all under a passage, driven by its meaning, following its logic, and unpacking its truth. As it stands today, most preachers are presenting their own wit and hipness to their flock, the people are under his rhetorical concoction, they are driven primarily by his own agenda, following whatever logic he assumes, and have to unpack the mysteries of his own feeble mind.
Exposition demands exegesis. Exegesis is simply laboring to draw out meaning. It is true that there is nothing new under the sun. That is the beauty of expounding God's Word. You are not giving your people 'new and exciting' sermons- you are presenting to them the ancient, abiding, and thrilling truth of the living God. I want people to find a pattern for exegesis that they might do themselves as they open the word of God on their own.
Let me give you a snapshot of what exegesis to exposition might look like: (I am giving you this not to blow my horn, but to assure you that I am not plagiarizing on Sunday)
First, there is what I call 'raw' study: I spend at least two - three hours in the passage I'm preaching on Sunday with no helps other than original language tools (dictionaries, lexicons, concordances, etc.). I read the passage, often committing it to memory. I read it again and again. I will often translate the passage for myself, if it is a long narrative I'll only translate a few portions of the text. I am thankful for my time spent in the study of original biblical languages in seminary for this part of study and preparation (you don't necessarily have to have the languages to do this- you can skip to individual word studies with the help of Strong's Concordance and Vine's Dictionary, and a solid inter-linear bible at your side). I'll pull out key words and do a 'word study'- finding its lexical reference, its use elsewhere in Scripture, compare the ancient use with its contemporary counterpart, etc. Then I'll make my own outline, read and study the 'context' of that passage: reading the entire chapter, the entire book, and making notes on how that passage fits into this broader context. I'll jot down ideas, pull out principles that catch my eye, pray over the passage asking for help and insights, sketch outlines, brainstorm ideas. I do as much of this as I can before looking at any secondary resources.
Second comes what I call expositional research: I'll pull down my top three commentaries. There are 'critical' commentaries that put a great deal of emphasis on the text and the original languages. Without a good grasp of the Greek or Hebrew, these can be difficult. Then there are what I call 'expositional' commentaries- they often go passage by passage, verse by verse commenting on the Word. They will provide historical insights, critical language insights, outlines, word studies, grammar notes, etc. Then I'll pull the more 'devotional' or distinctly 'pastoral' commentaries- these are easier to read, often they read like a sermon, and they are a bit more of a narrative, with illustrations, preaching points, etc. (commentaries by Boice and MacArthur are usually in this category). I'll read or glance over these, making notes, jotting down references, tweaking my outline with this new info, etc.
I'll then look up some key theological themes in my systematic theologies (everyone should own a couple of good systematic theologies: I suggest Grudem, Culver, or Erickson) and read through them. I'll look up info from the web. I'll do as much 'theological research' as I can.
Third comes Expositional Outlining: After all this spade work, I then try and make a good working outline to preach from. I try and organize all the above study into a sort of preachable outline- a skeleton that orders my thought, trying to logically put this together in a way that can be easily followed. It is at this point that I often sit and stare at my notes, at my outline, at the wall. A lot of thinking, mumbling, and pacing happens here. I'll plug in illustrations, quotes, thoughts, etc.
After I've done this, I often try and have the sermon preached to me. I'll go on line and see if I can find a sermon on this very passage that I can read or listen to (my first two go to guys are Ray Stedman- search Stedman discovery papers and you'll get a wealth of some 40 years of biblical exposition neatly categorized, script or audio; and John Piper- all his sermon scripts are on the web with audio as well). I don't do this until much of my work is done- this way I do not 'steal' ideas- though I will often pull a quote, or borrow an illustration (and be sure to give a reference in my sermon!).
The Fourth stage is the Delivery stage: Once I have pretty good outline, I'll try and memorize the basic points, write out portions of what I'll say under this or that point, practice, make a power point slide show, arrange my notes for delivery, etc. Then I'll preach it.
It is important for there to be a
fifth stage- the 'assessment' stage. This is where you are able to review your sermon, get leadership input, and outside assesment so that you are accountable and constantly being sharpened in your calling to preach and teach faithfully.
I try my best to go through these steps, or some modified form of them, in order to do the hard work of preaching. I pray that God would revive biblical teaching in our churches. I pray that God will convict these shepherds of this practice of plagiarism that denigrates the pulpit, despises the Word of God, devalues biblical preaching, and slowly destroys the soul of the bride of Christ.
Labels: Evanjellyfish, Preaching